Sound without physical force creates a sense of resistance to hand movement

Virtual reality and augmented reality strongly rely on visual information; consequently, they are inaccessible to individuals with visual impairments. To create illusions of tactile feedback or force sensations without physical contact, previous studies have primarily relied on v

Virtual reality and augmented reality strongly rely on visual information; consequently, they are inaccessible to individuals with visual impairments. To create illusions of tactile feedback or force sensations without physical contact, previous studies have primarily relied on visual manipulations, such as altering the apparent position of objects, with less attention given to the potential of sound alone.